Hepatitis A is a contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). It primarily spreads through contaminated food or water and affects liver function. Unlike other forms of hepatitis, hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease and is usually self-limiting, but severe cases can occasionally occur.
Symptoms of Hepatitis A
Symptoms typically appear 2–6 weeks after exposure to the virus and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:
- Fatigue: A persistent feeling of tiredness.
- Nausea and Vomiting: Often accompanied by abdominal discomfort.
- Loss of Appetite: A decreased desire to eat.
- Fever: Low-grade or moderate.
- Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes, a hallmark of liver dysfunction.
- Dark Urine and Pale Stools: Indicators of impaired bile production.
- Muscle and Joint Pain: Generalized body aches.
Some individuals, especially children, may show no symptoms but can still spread the virus.
Causes of Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus, which primarily spreads through the fecal-oral route.
- Contaminated Food and Water: Consuming food or drinks prepared in unsanitary conditions.
- Close Contact: Living with or caring for an infected person.
- Travelling: Visiting regions where hepatitis A is common.
- Unhygienic Practices: Poor hand hygiene after using the restroom or changing diapers.
Risk Factors for Hepatitis A
Certain factors increase the likelihood of contracting the virus:
- Poor Sanitation: Lack of access to clean water and sanitation facilities.
- Travel to High-Risk Areas: Regions with a high prevalence of hepatitis A.
- Unvaccinated Individuals: People who have not received the hepatitis A vaccine.
- Occupation: Healthcare workers or caregivers for infected individuals.
- Drug Use: Sharing needles or using recreational drugs increases exposure risk.
Treatment for Hepatitis A
There is no specific antiviral treatment for hepatitis A, as the body clears the infection on its own. However, supportive care is essential:
- Rest: Allowing the body to recover naturally.
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids to combat dehydration caused by vomiting or diarrhoea.
- Balanced Diet: Avoiding fatty, fried, and heavy foods while focusing on easily digestible meals.
- Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (with caution) to manage symptoms.
Prevention of Hepatitis A
- Vaccination: The hepatitis A vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection.
- Practice Good Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after using the restroom and before eating.
- Safe Food and Water: Consume only properly cooked food and bottled or boiled water in high-risk areas.
- Avoid Raw or Undercooked Foods: Especially shellfish, which may carry the virus.
Desai Surgical Hospital prioritizes the early detection and management of infectious diseases like hepatitis A. Our gastroenterology specialists provide comprehensive care, including vaccination, diagnosis, and tailored treatment plans. If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of hepatitis A, visit us for expert consultation and compassionate care.